F22 - International MigrationNávrat zpět

This investigation explores the influence of remittances on economic growth in Algeria during the period 1970–2022 using the Fourier autoregressive distributed lags (FARDL) model. This study provides new insights by suggesting an N-shaped association between remittances and economic growth. The findings reveal a nonlinear relationship between remittances and growth in Algeria. Initially, the impact of remittances on income is positive, then becomes negative when they exceed a threshold of 1.2% of GDP, and later becomes positive again when remittances surpass a second threshold estimated at 1.894% of GDP. These results highlight the importance of increasing remittance inflows to promote development in Algeria and urge decision-makers to create conditions that encourage the inflow of these funds through official channels

This study investigates the relationship between natural disasters, institutional factors, environmental poverty and climate-related migration. The analysis focuses on 112 countries, representing 95% of natural disasters globally from 1992 to 2021, using regression models and clustering countries by their vulnerability and resilience. Key findings show that although improved transport infrastructure can aid in recovery, it may also increase exposure to disaster-affected areas, causing higher mortality. At the same time, sanitation availability significantly reduces mortality and migration in affected regions. The study highlights the need for disaster response strategies tailored to countries' vulnerability levels while emphasising the role of institutions in mitigating climate-related migration and enhancing resilience. Policymakers should prioritise investments in resilient infrastructure, strengthen disaster preparedness strategies tailored to each country's vulnerability profile and focus on enhancing personal freedom, institutional trust and governance capacity. These measures can collectively reduce number of refugees, mitigate impacts of disasters and promote long-term stability in high-risk regions.

Remittances are a major source of income for many countries. In this regard, the importance of remittances to national economies is increasing. Altruism and self-interest are the two main motivations for remitting. Economic policy uncertainty may determine which of these motivations is more prevalent. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the altruism and self-interest hypotheses. In this study, unbalanced panel data are used to analyse the remittances received by the top 10 countries. These countries account for half of all remittances in the world. Due to cross-sectional dependence in our dataset, we need to use methods with robust standard errors. The results of four different estimation methods used for panel data are consistent. Economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact, whereas economic growth has a positive impact on remittances. These findings indicate that people who send remittances act out of self-interest. Trade openness contributes to an increase in remittances. Furthermore, the wealth effect shaped by self-interest leads to an increase in remittances from workers.

Immigration is a controversial and vital issue that has become an acute problem for countries facing cultural and economic difficulties resulting from it, and unemployment is at the forefront of these difficulties. According to theory, migration causes unemployment; thus, the causality relationship between migration and unemployment is empirically ex- amined in our study. For this purpose, we used a new test known as the Panel Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (PFTY) method for the period 1990-2019, which contributes to the existing literature from a methodological standpoint. This test allows investigating multiple structural breaks, cross-section dependence and country heterogeneity. Our first test results show that when we use the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) test, the causal relationship is confirmed neither for any country nor the entire panel. However, when we employ the PFTY test, we reach causality runs from migration to unemployment for the entire panel and four countries.

This paper aims at finding out, whether the previous experience in Ukrainian construction sector increases the probability of doing the same job in the Czech construction sector. We assume that the integration of Czech and Ukrainian construction sectors led to the creation of structural channels directing Ukrainian labour migrants to the Czech Republic along the migration lines and facilitating the process of labour migration between these two countries. We employ the unique dataset created with the help of the survey conducted in Ukraine within the framework of Ukrainian migration project (UMP) in 2010-2012 and estimate multidimensional models in order to establish whether the previous experience in Ukrainian construction sector increases the probability of doing the same job in the Czech construction sector. Our results show strong empirical evidence for our hypotheses and are interpreted in the context of a broader economic restructuralization in the European Union.

The existing empirical studies examined the impact of different variables, such as common language, economic, cultural and geographical factors, on migration. However, none of the studies deals with the social security systems including their coordination as a relevant explanatory factor. The paper focuses on the social security systems in Europe, their mutual coordination and their influence on international migration. The influence of social systems on economic migration can be twofold: infl uencing the labour migration, i.e. migrants who move for work, and also influencing the benefit migration, i.e. migrants who move in order to receive social benefits. We present the advanced migration model extended by the factors of social security coordination. The main finding is that the labour migration prevails significantly over the benefit migration. Role of social systems as social magnets was not proved to be statistically significant.

The current record wave of immigration is a problem and does not conform to the interests of most people in Europe. Immigration is ineffective as a global development policy. The article argues in favor of an immigration that is balanced and that is in the interests of citizens in Europe rather than just in the interests of potential immigrants, recent immigrants and businesses that like cheap labor. First section of the article perceives immigration in the context of the public debate. Second section calls attention to the record wave of immigration to Europe. Third section asks a question of who are the winners and losers of immigration. Forth section analyses free movement of people in the EU. Fifth section explains why immigration is not remedy to population aging. Sixth section is concerned with the strengths and weaknesses of multiculturalism. Seventh section draws attention to the problem of democratic legitimacy. Eighth section asks a question of whether there is a rational immigration policy.