Politická ekonomie, 2023 (vol. 71), issue 5

Porovnanie algoritmov strojového učenia pre tvorbu predikčného modelu ceny bitcoinu

Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Creation of a Bitcoin Price Prediction Model

Milan Cibuľa, Michal Tkáč

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):496-517  

With the advancement of machine learning tools, an increasing number of algorithms are being utilized for predicting not only traditional time series data related to financial markets but also those connected to cryptocurrencies. This paper aims to compare various machine learning algorithms used for prediction, in order to identify the one with the greatest practical potential for creating a prediction model of Bitcoin’s price as an investment asset. The analysis focuses on supervised learning algorithms, taking into account the nature of the task involving long time series datasets. The paper also describes the exact process of creating and...

Kaldor-Hicks Improvement and Justice: To the Discussion on Normative Economics

Lukáš Augustin Máslo

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):518-535  

The author's main objective is to point out the existence of the paradox of involuntary improvement and to present a solution to this paradox. The paradox of involuntary improvement appears when a subject which suffers an injustice involuntarily still gets better off by this change. The suggested solution consists in the decomposition of the total effect of the pseudo-contract into the effect of the basic contract (which is desirable for the subject) and the effect of the super-contract (which is undesirable for the subject). Such a decomposition is not arbitrary, in the author's view, but necessary because it reflects the self-contradictory nature...

Recovery of Claims Arising from Abuse of Non-insurance Social Security Benefit System

Gabriela Kukalová, Lukáš Moravec, Jana Hinke, Michaela Chladíková

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):536-554  

The paper presents the volume of debts incurred as part of non-insurance social security benefits in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020 and defines the structure of these debts by individual types of non-insurance social security benefits, where 25% is attributable to parental allowance, followed by housing allowance (17%) and subsistence allowance (20%). The analysis deals with the number of debts broken down into paid, collected, settled by other means, written off for uncollectibility or extinction of the right. The study works with unique data obtained by summarisation from the appli-cation programmes used by the Labour Office of the Czech Republic,...

Distribuce platů a procentní podíly nízkopříjmových zaměstnanců ve veřejném sektoru se zaměřením na první rok pandemie covid-19

Diana Bílková, Vlastimil Beran, Filip Červenka

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):555-590  

The objective of this paper is to analyse the distribution of salaries in the public sector with a focus on employees receiving a salary at the level of minimum wages in the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the methods used is the construction of salary distribution models by gender and educational attainment and the creation of predictions using exponential smoothing. The results of the analysis show the highest increase in real salaries among women with the lowest education. The results further show that the highest benefit in terms of the average real monthly salary of both men and women comes from changing the employee's educational...

Searching for Growth-conducive Institutions in Emerging Economies: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Woon Kan Yap, Jenny Gryzelius, Andrew Tek Wei Saw

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):591-618  

This study aims to identify growth-conducive institutions unique to emerging economies. For that purpose, we examine the roles of Anglo-American institutions in fostering total factor productivity growth through the improvement of technical efficiency in emerging economies. Specifically, the impacts of the liberalistic and paternalistic types of regulatory institutions are discerned. The results show that institutional qualities such as reverence for the rule of law and effective governments robustly promote total factor productivity by improving technical efficiency, while voices of citizens and political stability exhibit a symbiotic relationship,...

Ekonomická teorie inovací

Marek Loužek

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):619-638  

The engine that drives prosperity in the modern world is the increasingly rapid emergence of useful knowledge. The aim of the paper is to present the basic ideas of the economic theory of innovation. The first part of the paper outlines the theory of endogenous growth and technological change. The second part reveals the nature of innovation. The third part presents creative destruction as part of technological development. The fourth part explains the paradox of progress: why we produce more from less. The fifth part outlines the future as an age of abundance.

Užitečná kniha spojující teorii a praxi

Eva Kislingerová, Tomáš Krabec

Politická ekonomie 2023, 71(5):639-641