P48 - Other Economic Systems: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional StudiesNávrat zpět

The energy transition process might face cognitive bankruptcy because of prevailing gender bias in the energy sector. Policy reorientation is needed to ensure diminishing of gender bias in the transition process. The political risk persisting within the economy, as well as among its international counterparts, also needs to be internalized within this framework. Existing regulatory infrastructure might possibly have an impact on shaping the dimensions of this association. The present study aims at analysing the effect of energy transition on gender inequality in the USA in light of political risk and regulations. Moderation effects are captured using marginal impact analysis. The estimation results show that although energy transition increases gender inequality, it is reduced in the presence of moderation. The policy framework developed in the study is aimed at attaining the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 and 7.

The transition towards green and clean energy sources is the need of the day and a key target for several economies across the globe. Besides, emerging economies also aim to minimize fossil fuel dependence, promoting the adoption of green electricity. However, several obstacles, including governance, corruption and economic-related issues, are forthcoming in attaining sustainability in the context of green energy. This research examines seven emerging economies from 1990 to 2020. The study uses novel panel diagnostic assessment approaches, which validate the slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence and confirm the cointegration between the study variables. Employing the method of moments quantile regression, this research concludes that corruption and governance quality adversely influence the transition to green electricity. On the other hand, the influence of economic complexity, research and development expenditures and per capita GDP is positive and significant. These results are robust as validated by estimators such as mean group and fully modified ordinary least squares. Furthermore, a two-way Granger causality exists between regressors and green energy transition, which allows this research to offer appropriate policy implications. This study recommends improving institutions, strengthening bureaucracy, enhancing accountability and investing in research and development, green technologies and human capital to encourage green energy transition.

Exploring the political economy of clean energy development, this study appraises how political (de)stabilization influences the clean energy transition process in selected South Asian countries. Using yearly data spanning from 1998 to 2021, the results show that political stabilization facilitates the clean energy transition process by raising the share of renewables in the final energy consumption profiles of the concerned South Asian nations. Contrarily, political destabilization is found to inhibit the transition process. In addition, political stabilization is witnessed to partially offset the clean energy transition-inhibiting impact of rising carbon dioxide emissions across South Asia. Furthermore, the results endorse that financial development and receipts of international remittance contribute to the clean energy transition process while incoming foreign direct investments exert no impact in this regard. Accordingly, a couple of policies are recommended for the concerned South Asian nations.

This study aims to identify growth-conducive institutions unique to emerging economies. For that purpose, we examine the roles of Anglo-American institutions in fostering total factor productivity growth through the improvement of technical efficiency in emerging economies. Specifically, the impacts of the liberalistic and paternalistic types of regulatory institutions are discerned. The results show that institutional qualities such as reverence for the rule of law and effective governments robustly promote total factor productivity by improving technical efficiency, while voices of citizens and political stability exhibit a symbiotic relationship, where the efficacy of one of these qualities requires the sufficient prevalence of another. Regarding regulatory institutions, we found evidence that calls for protectionist policies to foster innovation, which is the key driver of technical efficiency.

Energy efficiency improvements have become a major hope for decoupling the energy demand from economic growth and for achieving environmental goals. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of policies based on promoting energy efficiency may be undermined by behavioral responses. A more efficiently produced energy service becomes cheaper and economic theory then suggests that consumers should demand more of it, which will cause a loss of the potential technological saving. The phenomenon is called the rebound effect and it has become a focus of energy economists since early 80s. However, even today there is no clear consensus on its importance. Quantification of the rebound effect is mainly hampered by poor data availability and the comparison of results is not straightforward due to methodological differences. Our study concentrates right on the economic theory of the demand for energy services, definitions and their applicability to empirical estimation. It summarizes the state of knowledge and elaborates on plausible models for empirical quantification of the rebound effect which should bear consistent results.

The paper presents results of World Bank survey in 2005 undertaken within the project Doing Business, with special regard to the Czech Republic position. Doing business conditions are assessed particularly according to the regulation burden and its impacts on entrepreneurship. The structure follows ten indicators of doing business conditions covered in the survey in 2005: starting and closing a business, dealing with licenses, hiring and firing workers, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts. The paper includes explanation of the specific features of the Czech Republic legislation, and already undertaken, recommended or prepared changes directed to improvement of most critical points. Moreover, there are presented the relations between regulation quality and other economic and institutional indicators: tax burden, economic freedom and corruption levels.