H57 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: ProcurementNávrat zpět

In the study, we focus on examining the impact of selected factors on the results of electronic reverse auctions and thus the savings achieved. The study extends the knowledge of extant literature to empirical insights and uses currently the broadest sample of approximately 16,000 e-auction cases. The study confirms that the savings calculation method and the use of a comparative or initial price affect the outcome of the auction as well as the individual selected factors entering the model (e-auction value, number of changes, number of extensions, number of bidders, number of items).

This article examines the impact of EU Cohesion Policy delivered through the European Structural and Investment Funds in the economic cycle and the fiscal policy of the Czech Republic in the years 2004-2015. Revenue arising from the EU increases aggregate demand, and this is a regular instrument for stabilizing fiscal policy. The key conclusion of the analysis is based on regression analysis, and there is demonstrate the procyclical nature of the EU Regional Policy and its negative impact on the effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of national resources. Temporal definition of programming periods and the ability to prepare projects and their implementation in the context of national and EU legal framework were identified as the main determinants of procyclicality. However, these factors make the cyclicality purely accidental and cohesion policy without links to the economic cycle and performance of member countries.

Public procurement is subject to very strict and detailed legal regulation, which generates significant transaction costs on the part of both the public and private sectors. This paper aims are to quantify the size of private transaction costs associated with participation in tenders and to identify the main factors that affect their value. The presented results are based on a survey containing 804 observations. The total value of the private transaction costs in 2012 is estimated at CZK 9 billion, which represents 1.8% of contracts value. Using regression model, we have identified factors that influence the size of transaction costs at the level of individual firms. These are relatively lower for larger contracts, supply contracts and also for more experienced companies. In contrast, higher values are found in smaller contracts, larger companies and companies that are more successful in tenders.

This article analyses the development of the public procurement market in the Czech Republic in the period from 2008 to the present in connection with the adoption of new legislation relating to the Act on Public Procurement no. 137/2006. This text evaluates the objectives of legislative changes (transparency, increase in competition powers and effective price enforcement) exa-mined from the viewpoint of selected parameters of the procurement market. It was found that the transparency in terms of reducing the use of the restricted procedure of public procurement improved and the share of public contracts conducted under the new Act on Public Procurement increased immediately after new legislation. This article positively evaluates a drop in one-offer contracts and continuous tendency towards lower price levels of the public procurement. This analysis includes identification of the impact of an accelerated drawdown of funds from EU programs in connection with the end of the program period in 2015. Based on the analysis's conclusions, there are obvious limits of the positive impact of the new legislation.

The article examines a mechanism of bid price determination in public procurement by individual tenderers. An auction model based on game theory, which maximizes expected profit of a firm bidding for public contract, is used to analyse this process. Firm within the model decides by comparing expected profit and transaction costs associated with submitting the bid whether to submit the bid or not. Furthermore, the article analyzes empirical data on public works contracts in the field of construction and reconstruction of wastewater treatment plants in the Czech Republic. The probability distribution of bid prices submitted by individual firms is mainly examined on these data. Based on the presented model and some finding from the data, a simulation of sequential biddings is executed consequently in which individual firms in their decision making use available data on submitted bids from the previous contracts.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the post-contractual behaviour in the procurement system, which we investigated in a sample of Slovak contracting authorities at the level of local government as well as central government. This is an analysis of changes in contracts that were concluded on the basis of the law on public procurement. While the pre-contractual phase is treated by law, in the post-contractual phase we can identify something like "a legal vacuum", which can be exploited to corrupt practices. Article examines how important (particularly in terms of impact on the price) are changes in the contracts concluded under the law on public contracts and whether it is possible to identify some factors which affect this behaviour. The regression analysis showed that the prices ex-post rise more if the open procedure was used as well as if there was strong competition on the supply side (In these cases, it is more difficult to ex-ante manipulate with the outcome of the public contract). Therefore, it is probably that a number of amendments closed an evasion of the law on public procurement, and leads to losses in the public finances.

This article examines for the first time the relationship between transparency of ownership structure and (i) profits of firms winning public procurement contracts and (ii) competition for the contracts and savings of the public authority. These characteristics are compared for two groups of public procurement contract winners that differ by their ownership structure. The detailed data from the Czech Republic are used and the firms with bearer shares in paper form serve as the less transparent firms. The results show that less transparent firms have significantly higher profit margins in terms of tens of percentage points and participate in less competitive public procurement contracts and result into lower savings for the public authority. This could be an indirect indicator of conflict of interests or corruption. The article concludes with policy recommendations.

The paper is dealing with the problem of relationship between the rate of competition and final prices in the public procurement. This issue is analysed on the sector of infrastructure buildings in the Czech Republic. The main goal of the paper is to verify the relevance of the hypothesis, that there is a negative relationship between the number of bidders and the final prices. The paper is divided into five main parts. The main theoretical fundaments of the analyses are described in the first part, where the results of relevant sources are summarized as well. Next part highlights the system of financing the transport infrastructure in the Czech Republic and describes the main steps in the process of public procurement. Based on the theoretical analysis three hypotheses are formulated in the third part, which relevance is tested using the econometrics instruments. The results of the quantitative analyses are summarised in the fourth chapter. The last part, conclusion, summarises the main results and formulates the policy recommendations, which could increase the effectiveness of the public expenditure on the transport infrastructure.

The paper is dealing with the problem of so called "municipal" firms. I define them as the firms, which are based on commercial law but are owned by municipalities. The municipal firms are often used for providing services in the Czech Republic. However, this type of firm is connected with a lot of problems (transparency, effectiveness). The paper is divided into five main parts. I discuss the theoretical problems, which are connected with the municipal firm in the first part. I especially focus on the question, what is the main factor of increasing the effectiveness - if the change in the ownership or the competition pressure. The second part describes the current situation in the Czech Republic and here I try to estimate, which part of public procurement market on the municipal level is controlled through the municipal firms. In the third part I have developed the model, which shows that for the municipalities can be reasonable to contract the municipal firm despite it is more expensive that classical outsourcing. Next part is dealing with the economical effectiveness of the municipal firms. The result of empirical research shows, that this type of the firm is the most expensive solution in the providing services on the municipal level. The last part, conclusion, summarise the main results and formulate the policy recommendations, which could increase the effectiveness of the public sector as well as of the economy as a whole.