C67 - Input-Output ModelsReturn

Input-output models allow quantification of direct and indirect linkages in the structure of an economy. Based on these linkages, it is possible to evaluate in details the effects of various sectors on the national economy. This paper focuses on the exporting sectors that are considered to be the main industries of Slovak economy. Its aim is to examine their direct and indirect impacts on Slovakia's economy. From the point of view of assessing the effects and structural links of export industries for the Slovak economy, the computer, electronic and optical product manufacturing sector appears to be relatively the least important sector. The automobile production does not generate a high value added per unit of production but its importance for Slovak production is significant. From the point of view of demand and supply linkages, none of the monitored export sectors seemed to be the key for Slovak economy.

The growing number of players in world trade increases competition among countries. It has also a significant implication for the EU member states that are differently dependant on international trade. The object of the paper was to evaluate the export competitiveness and productivity of the EU member states in 2000-2015 using the Factor Analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The results of trade analyses confirmed that the level of the export competitiveness was different in the individual EU member states and that it had also been changed during the monitored period. However, the original hypothesis about the level of export productivity was not confirmed. The results of the DEA analysis pointed more to economic convergence in the trade area between the new and old EU member states than to export productivity. The development of the EU trade was influenced by globalisation processes accompanied by trade liberalisation, but also the EU integration process.

The intensification of globalization and fragmentation of production processes requires new approaches that allow as us capture complex linkaged between industries and national economies. In this article, we show how input-output analysis based on World input-output tables can be employed to analyze the complex relations in the economy. Using structural decomposition analysis, we analyze the sources of value added and employment changes in choosen countries in pre-crisis period. We show the importance of trade with intermediate goods and participation in global value chains on value added and employment creation.

In this paper we are presenting an analysis of shift of tax burden from income onto consumption. The analyzed consumption tax is value added tax, while destination principle is applied. The result of analysis is finding that the contemporary tax policy in the Czech Republic is suboptimal from the point of view of tax burden distribution between production factors and consumption. Theoretical findings are confirmed by analysis of data from European countries. Every percentage above the EU27 average of consumption taxes share on total tax quota results into increase of GDP growth by 0,04% to 0,05% p.a. The Czech political "elite" determines the fiscal policy to be popular and recent surveys confirmed Czechs' dislike towards consumption taxes, especially value added tax. Therefore the huge cost of the Czech tax system - high taxation of wages and low value added tax - can be viewed also as agency cost.

The Czech Republic has introduced new energy taxation in connection with implementation of the directive 2003/96/EC, restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity. New energy taxes are imposed on electricity, solid fuels and natural gas, with term of initiation on 1st January 2008. This paper discusses impact of new energy taxation on sectors NACE in the Czech Republic, particularly on prices of production. I have created the simple short-term price model for the Czech Republic, which is based on input-output methodology by Leontief. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is introduction, where are formulated both the main target of the paper and two hypotheses for testing. The theoretical problems, which are connected with the impact of taxation and tax incidence, are discussed in the second part. The third part describes possibilities of analysing and modelling in the area of changes of tax system and tax rates. In the fourth part I describe the methodology and then I am creating the short-term price model for the Czech Republic. The next part consists of the main results, emerged from the price model and the two hypothesis testing, with focus on energy intensive sectors of NACE. The last part, conclusion, summarizes the main results and formulates the possibilities of additional research in energy taxation area.