C40 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: GeneralReturn

Practical analysis of the policies implemented by countries successful in the field of science and technology is crucial, especially in the context of optimal policy selection for countries needing technological development. In this context, ranking the world's countries in terms of technological development is important for increasing the effectiveness of the policies to be implemented in this field. This study ranks 28 OECD countries on seven key science and technology indicators in 2022 using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods. In the analysis, first, the importance of the variables was ranked based on the entropy method. Then, a ranking was made among the selected countries in terms of technological performance using the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method. The findings obtained with the WASPAS method were confirmed with the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method. Among the identified variables, the export market (share of computer, electronics and optics sector) parameter was selected as the most dominant criterion. Korea, Germany, Japan, France and the Netherlands were determined to be the best performing in terms of basic science and technology indicators. On the other hand, it can be said that Chile, Latvia, Luxembourg and Lithuania need more effective policies in terms of technology and innovation indicators. In this context, it can be suggested that the policies implemented by countries at the forefront in technological development should be a guide for other countries.

This article describes the trend of income distributions in Czech Republic over the years 1995-2008. There is not social economy study on the topic incomes. We analyze time series of incomes over these years. The income distributions and their trends are analyzed over all Czech Republic, next depending on sex and age (we work with three age groups - under 30 years, 30-50 years and over 50 years). For the better comparison in each category we published the common characteristics of location and variability and their trend over time. The trend of incomes in CR is increasing linear over time in accordance to sex and to age, too. As suitable characteristic of location we have chosen average and median. For measurement of variability we have used standard deviation. The Gini index over all Czech Republic and for each category was calculated. The values of this index are increasing over time. The values are in boundaries 0,22-0,265 over all Czech Republic.