Energy poverty presents substantial problems with energy security, environmental sustainability, and inclusive economic development - fundamental issues of political economy. This study examines the macroeconomic impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on mitigating energy poverty in 91 countries from 2002 to 2021 through an econometric model. The analysis indicates that ICT can alleviate energy poverty. However, its impact varies by region. In Europe, the expansion of ICT is associated with improved energy availability, hence favorably impacting energy security. In contrast, the rise of ICT in North and South America seems to worsen energy poverty, whereas no statistically significant effect is observed in Asia, Africa, or Oceania. The study finds governance efficiency and intellectual property protection as essential institutional enablers that enhance the positive effects of ICT. These findings underscore the necessity for customized policy frameworks that amalgamate technological progress with robust institutions to foster energy justice and macroeconomic resilience. This research enhances the political economics discourse by demonstrating how institutional contexts shape digital infrastructure, hence affecting the distributional results of energy transitions.

Keywords: Energy poverty, information and communication technology, government effectiveness, intellectual property rights regime