Politická ekonomie X:X | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1507

The unbreakable trade-off between agricultural development and biodiversity loss: Is there a magical role of artificial intelligence?

Siew-Pong Cheah, Ai-Lian Tan, Yan-Ling Tan, Thian-Hee Yiew, Chee-Loong Lee
Siew-Pong Cheah, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Ai-Lian Tan, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
Yan-Ling Tan, Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor Kampus, Segamat, Malaysia
Thian-Hee Yiew, Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
Chee-Loong Lee (corresponding author), Taylor's Business School, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

Artificial Intelligence (AI) significantly enhances agricultural production by optimizing inputs, minimizing waste, and improving management practices. However, the capability of AI to foster sustainable agriculture remains under scrutiny. This study investigates AI\'s impact on the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity loss across 132 countries from 2013 to 2021. Employing a Negative Binomial (NB) regression model, our findings reveal that traditional agricultural practices contribute to an increase in the number of threatened species. Conversely, integrating AI in smart farming practices appears to mitigate biodiversity loss. Additionally, our analysis confirms that climate change plays a substantial role in species depletion. The strategic use of AI on agricultural land not only boosts productivity and reduces operational risks but also enhances environmental stewardship. It is crucial, therefore, that policies are crafted and refined to better align AI initiatives with sustainability objectives.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, agriculture, biodiversity loss, Negative Binomial

Received: October 22, 2024; Revised: January 25, 2025; Accepted: April 19, 2025; Prepublished online: March 4, 2026 

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