Politická ekonomie X:X | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1540

Robotics and economic complexity

Canh Phuc Nguyen, Nadia Doytch, Binh Quang Nguyen
Canh Phuc Nguyen (corresponding author), School of Public Finance, College of Economics Law and Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Health and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, College of Economics Law and Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Nadia Doytch, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Koppelman School of Business, CUNY-Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, New York, USA
Binh Quang Nguyen, School of Public Finance, College of Economics Law and Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The adoption of robots in production across the globe has been rising in recent decades. This study sheds light on how this process would affect the economic complexity. Empirical analysis is carried out for a global sample of 65 economies from 1995 to 2020 using the two-step system GMM estimates. The adoption of robots in production appears to increase economic complexity significantly in the global sample. The finding is confirmed in two subsamples: 27 middle-income economies and 38 high-income economies. The study further finds that the adoption of robots in most industries (agriculture, construction, manufacturing, education, and R&D) would contribute positively to economic complexity. The study highlights the contribution of robotics to economic complexity.

Keywords: Robotics, economic complexity, resource curse, system GMM

Received: May 7, 2025; Revised: October 10, 2025; Accepted: October 29, 2025; Prepublished online: May 3, 2026 

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