Politická ekonomie 2025, 73(2) Special Issue I:297-328 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1486

Political Economy of Clean Energy Transition: The Role of Political Risk and Economic Growth

Jianyu Chen ORCID...1, Yue Fu ORCID...2, Rong Wang ORCID...3, Jie Yang ORCID...4
1 School of Economics and Management, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, China
2 School of Marxism, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China
3 School of Marxism, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
4 School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

In the empirical determination of the factors influencing the clean energy transition, the BRICS economies have initiated various policy reforms, such as increased R&D budgets, improvements in technology and political stability. This study analyses the critical role of political risk and economic growth, natural resources, research and development and technological innovation in the clean energy transition in the period 1990-2022. Using panel econometric approaches, this study confirms the heterogeneity of slopes and cross-sectional dependence. Using linear regression with the heteroscedastic panel-corrected standard error approach, the results show that economic expansion, political risk and the quadratic R&D term significantly enhance the clean energy transition. However, natural resources, conventional technological innovation and research and development expenditures are the leading barriers to a clean energy transition in the region. The robustness of these results is validated by a series of panel regressions. Following the empirical outcomes, this study recommends rapid enhancement of the research and development budget, strengthening of governance and institutions and investment in technological innovation to attain a sustainable transition towards clean energy sources.

Keywords: Clean energy; political risk; research and development; economic growth; technological innovation; BRICS
JEL classification: O13, O44, Q51, Q56

Vloženo: 17. březen 2024; Revidováno: 29. prosinec 2024; Přijato: 2. leden 2025; Zveřejněno online: 4. březen 2025; Zveřejněno: 29. duben 2025  Zobrazit citaci

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Chen, J., Fu, Y., Wang, R., & Yang, J. (2025). Political Economy of Clean Energy Transition: The Role of Political Risk and Economic Growth. Politická ekonomie, 73(Spec.issue I.), 297-328. doi: 10.18267/j.polek.1486
Stáhnout citaci
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Zobrazit celý článek

    Reference

    1. Abanda, F. H., Ng'ombe, A., Keivani, R., et al. (2012). The link between renewable energy production and gross domestic product in Africa: A comparative study between 1980 and 2008. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(4), 2147-2153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.005 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    2. Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A. (2013). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84668-430-2. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    3. Ahmadov, A. K., van der Borg, C. (2019). Do natural resources impede renewable energy production in the EU? A mixed-methods analysis. Energy Policy, 126, 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.044 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    4. Ahmed, F., Kousar, S., Pervaiz, A., et al. (2022). Role of green innovation, trade and energy to promote green economic growth: a case of South Asian Nations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(5), 6871-6885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15881-4 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    5. Akkemik, K. A., Göksal, K. (2012). Energy consumption-GDP nexus: Heterogeneous panel causality analysis. Energy Economics, 34(4), 865-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.04.002 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    6. Al-Tal, R., Al-Tarawneh, A. (2021). The impact of government effectiveness and political stability on energy consumption in the selected MENA economies. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.10786 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    7. Alvarez-Herranz, A., Balsalobre-Lorente, D., Shahbaz, M., et al. (2017). Energy innovation and renewable energy consumption in the correction of air pollution levels. Energy Policy, 105(C), 386-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.009 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    8. Androniceanu, A., Sabie, O. M. (2022). Overview of green energy as a real strategic option for sustainable development. Energies, 15(22), 8573. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228573 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    9. Apergis, N., Payne, J. E. (2010). Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energy Policy, 38(1), 656-660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.002 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    10. Apergis, N., Payne, J. E. (2014). The causal dynamics between renewable energy, real GDP, emissions and oil prices: evidence from OECD countries. Applied Economics, 46(36), 4519-4525. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.964834 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    11. Arellano, M., Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    12. Armutçu, B. (2022). BRICS-T ülkelerinde politik istikrar ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bir araştirma. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(4), 1917-1932. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1085460 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    13. Arthur, W. B. (1989). Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The Economic Journal, 99(394), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234208 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    14. Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593-1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    15. Bakhsh, S., Zhang, W., Ali, K., et al. (2024). Energy transition and environmental stability prospects for OECD economies: The prominence role of environmental governance, and economic complexity: Does the geopolitical risk matter? Journal of Environmental Management, 354, 120358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120358 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    16. Beck, N., Katz, J. N. (1995). What to do (and not to do) with time-series cross-section data. American Political Science Review, 89(3), 634-647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2082979 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    17. Behera, P., Behera, B., Sethi, N., et al. (2024). What drives environmental sustainability? The role of renewable energy, green innovation, and political stability in OECD economies. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2024.2333812 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    18. Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., et al. (2014). Political Risk Spreads. NBER Working Paper No. 19786. https://doi.org/10.3386/W19786 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    19. Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., et al. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.12.003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    20. Binz, C., Truffer, B. (2017). Global Innovation Systems - A conceptual framework for innovation dynamics in transnational contexts. Research Policy, 46(7), 1284-1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.05.012 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    21. BMWK (2021). BMWK - Renewable energy sources in figures. Berlin: Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.
    22. Breitung, J. (2001). The local power of some unit root tests for panel data. In: Baltagi, B. H., Fomby, T. B., Carter Hill, R. Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels (Advances in Econometrics), vol. 15, 161-177. Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-9053(00)15006-6 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    23. Bui, M., Adjiman, C. S., Bardow, A., et al. (2018). Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward. Energy & Environmental Science, 11(5), 1062-1176. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02342A Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    24. Burke, M. J., Stephens, J. C. (2018). Political power and renewable energy futures: A critical review. Energy Research & Social Science, 35, 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.018 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    25. Chau, K. Y., Moslehpour, M., Tu, Y.-T., et al. (2022). Exploring the impact of green energy and consumption on the sustainability of natural resources: Empirical evidence from G7 countries. Renewable Energy, 196, 1241-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.07.085 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    26. Corvaglia, M. A. (2014). South-South technology transfer addressing climate change and its (missing) international regulatory framework. Carbon & Climate Law Review, 8(2), 125-137.
    27. Dagar, V., Rao, A., Dagher, L., et al. (2024). Climate change dynamics for global energy security and equity: Evidence from policy stringency drivers. Journal of Environmental Management, 370, 122484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122484 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    28. Dogan, E., Altinoz, B., Madaleno, M., et al. (2020). The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: a replication and extension of. Energy Economics, 90, 104866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104866 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    29. Dolge, K., Blumberga, D. (2023). Transitioning to Clean Energy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Renewable Electricity Generation in the EU-27. Energies, 16(18), 6415. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186415 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    30. Dosi, G. (1983). Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. Research Policy, 11(3), 147-162. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    31. E2 (2020). Clean Jobs California 2020. [Retrieved 2024-12-26] Available at: https://e2.org/reports/clean-jobs-california-2020/
    32. Entler, S., Horáček, J., Dlouhý, T., et al. (2018). Approximation of the economy of fusion energy. Energy, 152, 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.130 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    33. Ertugrul, H. M., Ozun, A., Kirikkaleli, D. (2019). How is financial stability impacted by political and economic stabilities in emerging markets? A dynamic panel analysis. Journal for Economic Forecasting, 4, 148-159.
    34. Filippini, M., Hunt, L. C. (2011). Energy demand and energy efficiency in the OECD countries: a stochastic demand frontier approach. The Energy Journal, 32(2), 59-80. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    35. Freeman, C. (1987). Technology policy and economic performance: Lessons from Japan. London: Pinter Publishers. ISBN 978-0861879281.
    36. Gan, J., Smith, C. T. (2011). Drivers for renewable energy: A comparison among OECD countries. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(11), 4497-4503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.03.022 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    37. Ganesh, K. N., Zhang, D., Miller, S. J., et al. (2021). Green chemistry: A framework for a sustainable future. Organometallics, 40(12), 1801-1805. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00343 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    38. Gatzert, N., Kosub, T. (2017). Determinants of policy risks of renewable energy investments. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 11(1), 28-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-11-2015-0001 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    39. Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., et al. (2019). The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ESR.2019.01.006 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    40. Green, M., Dunlop, E., Hohl-Ebinger, J., et al. (2021). Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57). Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 29(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/PIP.3371 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    41. Greene, W. (2004). Distinguishing between heterogeneity and inefficiency: stochastic frontier analysis of the World Health Organization's panel data on national health care systems. Health Economics, 13(10), 959-980. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.938 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    42. Grossman, G. M., Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118443 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    43. Han, Z., Zakari, A., Youn, I. J., et al. (2023). The impact of natural resources on renewable energy consumption. Resources Policy, 83, 103692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103692 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    44. Hashem Pesaran, M., Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.010 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    45. Hassan, Q., Viktor, P., Al-Musawi, T. J., et al. (2024). The renewable energy role in the global energy Transformations. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100545 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    46. Hicks, J. R. (1932). The Theory of Wages. London: Macmillan and Co.
    47. Hieu, V. M., Mai, N. H. (2023). Impact of renewable energy on economic growth? Novel evidence from developing countries through MMQR estimations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(1), 578-593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21956-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    48. Hoa, P. X., Xuan, V. N., Thu, N. T. P. (2024). Determinants of renewable energy consumption in the Fifth Technology Revolutions: Evidence from ASEAN countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 100190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100190 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    49. Howell, L. D. (2014). Evaluating Political Risk Forecasting Models: What Works? Thunderbird International Business Review, 56(4), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21635 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    50. ICRG (2023). The International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). [Retrieved 2024-02-02] Available at: https://www.prsgroup.com/explore-our-products/icrg/
    51. IEA (2019). The Future of Hydrogen - Analysis. [Retrieved 2024-03-08] Available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-hydrogen
    52. Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    53. IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. [Retrieved 2024-03-08] Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
    54. IRENA (2019a). A New World: The Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency. ISBN 978-92-9260-097-6.
    55. IRENA (2019b). Global energy transformation: A roadmap to 2050. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency. ISBN 978-92-9260-121-8.
    56. IRENA (2020a). Renewable Energy and Jobs - Annual Review 2021. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency. ISBN 978-92-9260-364-9.
    57. IRENA (2020b). Renewable Energy Policies in a Time of Transition Heating and Cooling. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency. ISBN 978-92-9260-289-5.
    58. Jacobsson, S., Lauber, V. (2006). The politics and policy of energy system transformation - explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology. Energy Policy, 34(3), 256-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.08.029 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    59. Jäger-Waldau, A., Kougias, I., Taylor, N., et al. (2020). How photovoltaics can contribute to GHG emission reductions of 55% in the EU by 2030. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 126, 109836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109836 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    60. Janek, J., Zeier, W. G. (2016). A solid future for battery development. Nature Energy, 1(9), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.141 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    61. Kao, C. (1999). Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    62. Kavlak, G., McNerney, J., Trancik, J. E. (2018). Evaluating the causes of cost reduction in photovoltaic modules. Energy Policy, 123, 700-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.015 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    63. Kebede, K. Y., Mitsufuji, T., Islam, M. T. (2015). Building innovation system for the diffusion of renewable energy technology: Practices in Ethiopia and Bangladesh. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 28, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    64. Kesar, A., Jena, P. K. (2022). Corruption and economic growth: Empirical evidence from BRICS nations. In: Yoshino, N., Paramanik, R. N., Kumar, A. S. Studies in International Economics and Finance, pp. 183-202. Berlin: Springer. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    65. Khan, K., Su, C.-W. (2023). Does technology innovation complement the renewable energy transition? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 30144-30154. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-022-24336-3 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    66. Khan, Z., Malik, M. Y., Latif, K., et al. (2020). Heterogeneous effect of eco-innovation and human capital on renewable & non-renewable energy consumption: Disaggregate analysis for G-7 countries. Energy, 209, 118405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118405 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    67. Kirikkaleli, D., Shah, M. I., Adebayo, T. S., et al. (2022). Does political risk spur environmental issues in China? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(41), 62637-62647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19951-z Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    68. Komendantova, N., Patt, A., Barras, L., et al. (2012). Perception of risks in renewable energy projects: The case of concentrated solar power in North Africa. Energy Policy, 40(1), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.008 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    69. Lahrech, A., Abu-Hijleh, B., Aldabbas, H. (2023). The impact of global renewable energy demand on economic growth-evidence from GCC countries. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 42(3), 498-511. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-01-2023-0007 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    70. Lawrence, M. G., Schäfer, S., Muri, H., et al. (2018). Evaluating climate geoengineering proposals in the context of the Paris Agreement temperature goals. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05938-3 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    71. Levin, A., Lin, C. F., Chu, C. S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    72. Li, B., Amin, A., Nureen, N., et al. (2024). Assessing factors influencing renewable energy deployment and the role of natural resources in MENA countries. Resources Policy, 88(C), 104417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104417 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    73. Li, J., Zhang, X., Ali, S., et al. (2020). Eco-innovation and energy productivity: New determinants of renewable energy consumption. Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 111028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111028 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    74. Lin, B., Xie, Y. (2023). Positive or negative? R&D subsidies and green technology innovation: Evidence from China's renewable energy industry. Renewable Energy, 213, 148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.06.011 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    75. Liu, H., Fan, L., Shao, Z. (2021). Threshold effects of energy consumption, technological innovation, and supply chain management on enterprise performance in China's manufacturing industry. Journal of Environmental Management, 300, 113687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113687 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    76. Lundvall, B.-A. (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter Publishers.
    77. Maddala, G. S., Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1631 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    78. Mahjabeen, N., Shah, S. Z. A., Chughtai, S., et al. (2020). Renewable energy, institutional stability, environment and economic growth nexus of D-8 countries. Energy Strategy Reviews, 29, 100484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100484 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    79. Månsson, A. (2015). A resource curse for renewables? Conflict and cooperation in the renewable energy sector. Energy Research & Social Science, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.06.008 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    80. Markard, J. (2018). The next phase of the energy transition and its implications for research and policy. Nature Energy, 3(8), 628-633. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0171-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    81. Miremadi, I., Saboohi, Y., Arasti, M. (2019). The influence of public R&D and knowledge spillovers on the development of renewable energy sources: The case of the Nordic countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 450-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.04.020 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    82. Mol, A. P. J., Spaargaren, G. (2000). Ecological modernisation theory in debate: A review. Environmental Politics, 9(1), 17-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010008414511 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    83. Muazu, A., Yu, Q., Liu, Q. (2023). Does renewable energy consumption promote economic growth? An empirical analysis of panel threshold based on 54 African countries. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 17(1), 106-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-09-2021-0003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    84. Nchofoung, T. N., Ojong, N. (2023). Natural resources, renewable energy, and governance: A path towards sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 31(3), 1553-1569. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2466 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    85. North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University. Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    86. NREL (2021). Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. [Retrieved 2024-03-06] Available at: https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html
    87. Omri, A., Nguyen, D. K. (2014). On the determinants of renewable energy consumption: International evidence. Energy, 72, 554-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.081 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    88. Oprea, S.-V., Georgescu, I. A., Bâra, A. (2024). Charting the BRIC countries' connection of political stability, economic growth, demographics, renewables and CO2 emissions. Economic Change and Restructuring, 57(5), 161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-024-09746-2 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    89. Ozcan, B., Ozturk, I. (2019). Renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus in emerging countries: A bootstrap panel causality test. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.020 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    90. Pakulska, T. (2021). Green energy in central and eastern European (CEE) countries: New challenges on the path to sustainable development. Energies, 14(4), 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040884 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    91. Pesaran, M. H. (2021). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. Empirical Economics, 60, 13-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-020-01875-7 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    92. Phillips, P. C. B., Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.2.335 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    93. Popp, D. (2002). Induced innovation and energy prices. American Economic Review, 92(1), 160-180. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802760015658 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    94. Przychodzen, W., Przychodzen, J. (2020). Determinants of renewable energy production in transition economies: A panel data approach. Energy, 191, 116583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116583 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    95. Qamruzzaman, M., Karim, S. (2024). Green energy, green innovation, and political stability led to green growth in OECD nations. Energy Strategy Reviews, 55, 101519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101519 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    96. Rahman, M. M., Velayutham, E. (2020). Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus: new evidence from South Asia. Renewable Energy, 147, 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.007 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    97. Ramchurn, S. D., Vytelingum, P., Rogers, A., et al. (2012). Putting the "smarts" into the smart grid: A grand challenge for artificial intelligence. Communications of the ACM, 55(4), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.1145/2133806.2133825 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    98. Rockström, J., Gaffney, O., Rogelj, J., et al. (2017). A roadmap for rapid decarbonization. Science, 355(6331), 1269-1271. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah3443 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    99. Saadaoui, H., Omri, E., Chtourou, N. (2024). The transition to renewable energies in Tunisia: The asymmetric impacts of technological innovation, government stability, and democracy. Energy, 293, 130686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130686 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    100. Sachs, J. D., Warner, A. (1995). Natural resource abundance and economic growth. NBER Working Paper No. 5398. https://doi.org/10.3386/w5398 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    101. Salim, R. A., Rafiq, S. (2012). Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy? Energy Economics, 34(4), 1051-1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.08.015 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    102. Seminario-Córdova, R., Rojas-Ortega, R. (2023). Renewable energy sources and energy production: A bibliometric analysis of the last five years. Sustainability, 15(13), 10499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310499 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    103. Shimbar, A., Ebrahimi, S. B. (2020). Political risk and valuation of renewable energy investments in developing countries. Renewable Energy, 145(C), 1325-1333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.055 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    104. Shinwari, R., Yangjie, W., Payab, A. H., et al. (2022). What drives investment in renewable energy resources? Evaluating the role of natural resources volatility and economic performance for China. Resources Policy, 77(C), 102712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102712 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    105. Sim, J. (2018). The economic and environmental values of the R&D investment in a renewable energy sector in South Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.074 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    106. Ślusarczyk, B., Żegleń, P., Kluczek, A., et al. (2022). The impact of renewable energy sources on the economic growth of Poland and Sweden considering COVID-19 times. Energies, 15(1), 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010332 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    107. Su, C.-W., Naqvi, B., Shao, X.-F., et al. (2020). Trade and technological innovation: The catalysts for climate change and way forward for COP21. Journal of Environmental Management, 269, 110774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110774 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    108. Su, C.-W., Umar, M., Khan, Z. (2021). Does fiscal decentralization and eco-innovation promote renewable energy consumption? Analyzing the role of political risk. Science of The Total Environment, 751, 142220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142220 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    109. Sungur, O., Altiner, A. (2023). The effect of democracy and political stability on economic growth: Empirical evidence from BRICS-T countries (2002-2020). Sosyoekonomi, 31(58), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.04.08 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    110. UNCC (2023). Wind Energy in Denmark. Case study: Good practices and lessons learned on the setup and implementation of National Systems of Innovation. [Retrieved 2025-03-03] Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2014.09.001 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    111. Wang, E., Gozgor, G., Mahalik, M. K., et al. (2022). Effects of institutional quality and political risk on the renewable energy consumption in the OECD countries. Resources Policy, 79, 103041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103041 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    112. Wang, Q., Li, S., Pisarenko, Z. (2020). Heterogeneous effects of energy efficiency, oil price, environmental pressure, R&D investment, and policy on renewable energy - Evidence from the G20 countries. Energy, 209, 118322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118322 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    113. Wei, J., Rahim, S., Wang, S. (2022). Role of environmental degradation, institutional quality, and government health expenditures for human health: Evidence from emerging seven countries. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 870767. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.870767 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    114. WB (2012). Inclusive Green Growth: The Pathway to Sustainable Development. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. ISBN 978-0-8213-9552-3.
    115. WB (2024). DataBank: World Development Indicators. [Retrieved 2024-02-02] Available at: https://databank.worldbank.org/
    116. Wu, T., Yang, S., Tan, J. (2020). Impacts of government R&D subsidies on venture capital and renewable energy investment--an empirical study in China. Resources Policy, 68, 101715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101715 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    117. Wüstenhagen, R., Menichetti, E. (2012). Strategic choices for renewable energy investment: Conceptual framework and opportunities for further research. Energy Policy, 40(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.050 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    118. Xie, P., Zhu, Z., Hu, G., et al. (2023). Renewable energy and economic growth hypothesis: Evidence from N-11 countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(1), 2121741. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2121741 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    119. Yan, X., Abdalla, A. A., Zhu, G., et al. (2024). Does natural resources matter? Nexus among renewable energy policies, technological innovation, environmental protection, and economic growth. Energy Strategy Reviews, 51, 101272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2023.101272 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    120. Yang, F., Cheng, Y., Yao, X. (2019). Influencing factors of energy technical innovation in China: Evidence from fossil energy and renewable energy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.270 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    121. Yang, Z., Shao, S., Yang, L., et al. (2018). Improvement pathway of energy consumption structure in China's industrial sector: from the perspective of directed technical change. Energy Economics, 72, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.04.003 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    122. Yao, Y., Ivanovski, K., Inekwe, J., et al. (2019). Human capital and energy consumption: Evidence from OECD countries. Energy Economics, 84, 104534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104534 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    123. Yuan, J., Yang, R., Fu, Q. (2023). Aspects of renewable energy influenced by natural resources: How do the stock market and technology play a role? Resources Policy, 85(PB), 103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103820 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    124. Zhang, T., Yin, J., Li, Z., et al. (2023). A dynamic relationship between renewable energy consumption, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Asian emerging economies. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 2721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1092196 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
    125. Zhang, W., Chiu, Y.-B., Hsiao, C. Y.-L. (2022). Effects of country risks and government subsidies on renewable energy firms' performance: Evidence from China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 158(C), 112164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112164 Přejít k původnímu zdroji...

    Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), která umožňuje nekomerční distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.


    Zpět na obsah