Politická ekonomie 2022, 70(6):664-683 | DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1367
Factors Affecting Allocation of Czech FDI in EU Countries
- a Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Finance and Accounting, Prague, Czech Republic
The main objective of this paper is to analyse which factors have an impact on the allocation of Czech foreign direct investment (FDI) in EU countries. Multivariate panel regression with general macroeconomic variables and time dummy variables using Eurostat data for the period 2013-2019 was performed. Indicators of a tax system promoting and/or enabling aggressive tax planning, and other more general indicators were included in the model. This paper provides the opposite view by analysing the flow of FDI from a transition economy to more advanced economies. The results suggest that Czech FDI is placed in developed countries with lower statutory corporate income tax rates, and with which the Czech Republic has a larger volume of foreign trade. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the factors affecting allocation of Czech FDI in the EU are the distance between the capital cities and the existence of the so-called patent box regime.
Keywords: Corporate taxation, FDI, tax factors, aggressive tax planning
JEL classification: D21, F40, H21, H26
Received: November 8, 2021; Revised: June 30, 2022; Accepted: July 1, 2022; Published: January 25, 2023 Show citation
References
- Alam, A., Ali Shah, S.Z. (2013) Determinants of foreign direct investment in OECD member countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 40, (4), 515-527, https//doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2011-0132
Go to original source...
- Bénassy-Quéré, A., Coupet, M., Mayer, T. (2007). Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment. The World Economy, 30(5), 764-782, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01022.x
Go to original source...
- Bevan, A. A., Estrin, S. (2000). The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investments in Transition Economies. Discussion Paper No. 2638. ISSN 0265-8003.
- Buettner, T., Overesch, M., Wamser, G. (2014). Anti Profit-Shifting Rules and Foreign Direct Investment. CESifo Working Paper No. 4710.
Go to original source...
- CNB (2021). Statistika platební balance - Běžný účet v geografickém členění. Prague: Czech National Bank. Available from: https://www.cnb.cz/analytics/ saw.dll? Dashboard&PortalPath=%2Fshared%2FUNIBOP_WEB%2F_portal%2FBISTAT&Page =BOP_R&P1=dashboard& Action=Navigate&ViewState=aierte7n4oiqhn9 egj8sd9tpq2& P16=NavRuleDefault&NavFromViewID=d%3Adashboard~p%3Atdppn6rbilu6v8m0
- Demekas, D. G., Horvath, B., Ribakova, E., et al. (2007). Foreign direct investment in European transition economies - The role of policies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(2), 369-386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.03.005
Go to original source...
- Durani, F., Ameer, W., Meo, M. S., et al. (2021) Relationship between Outward Foreign Direct Investments and Domestic Investment: Evidence from GCC Countries. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 11(4), 278-291, https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.114.278.291
Go to original source...
- Durčáková, J., Mandel, M. (2010). Mezinárodní finance. 4th edition. Praha: Management Press. ISBN 978-80-7261-221-5.
- EC (2015). Study on Structures of Aggressive Tax Planning and Indicators. Final Report. Taxation Papers N. 61/2015. ISSN 1725-7565.
- EC (2020). Data on Taxation. Brussels: European Commission. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/economic-analysis-taxation/data-taxation_en
- Eurostat (2017). European Union direct investments (BPM6), (bop_fdi6). Luxembourg: Eurostat. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/bop_fdi6_esms.htm
- Eurostat (2020). GDP and main aggregates - selected international annual data. Luxembourg: Eurostat. Available from: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=naida_10_gdp〈=en
- Faeth, I. (2009). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment - a tale of Nine Theoretical Models. Journal of Economic Surveys, 23(1), 165-196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2008. 00560.x
Go to original source...
- Haberly, D., Wójcik, D. (2014). Tax havens and the production of offshore FDI: an empirical analysis. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 75-101, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu003
Go to original source...
- Hartman, D. G. (1982). Tax Policy and Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. NBER Working Paper No. 967. Available from: https://www.nber.org/papers/w0967.pdf
Go to original source...
- Hizarci Beşer, B., Beşer, M. K. (2018). The Impact of Flat Tax Rates on Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Economic & Administrative Sciences, 40(1), 1-13, https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.434909
Go to original source...
- Hoppe, T., Schanz, D., Sturm, S., et al. (2020). The Relation between Tax Complexity and Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence Across Countries. WU International Taxation Research Paper Series No. 2020-03, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526177
Go to original source...
- Hristu-Varsakelis, D., Karagianni, S., Saraidaris, A. (2011). Equilibrium conditions in corporate tax competition and Foreign Direct Investment flows. Economic Modelling, 28(1-2), 13-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2010.10.005
Go to original source...
- IMF (2015). IMF: developing countries' BEPS revenue losses exceed $200 billion. [Retrieved 2021-11-10] Available from: http://uncounted.org/2015/06/01/imf-developing-countries-beps-revenue-losses-exceed-200-billion/
- Janíčková, L., Baranová, V. (2013). Vliv efektivních daňových sazeb a jejich komponent na přímé zahraniční investice - případ členských zemí EU. Politická ekonomie, 61(2), 209-228, https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.895
Go to original source...
- Kersan-Škabić, I. (2015). The Importance of Corporate Taxation for FDI Attractiveness of Southeast European Countries. Panoeconomicus, 62(1), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1501105K
Go to original source...
- Košťálová, I. (2018). Komparace způsobů zdaňování zisků a úroků ve vybraných zemích EU. Diploma thesis. Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Finance and Accounting. Thesis supervisor: Jan Pavel. Available from: https://vskp.vse.cz/74366
- Lawless, M. (2013). Do Complicated Tax Systems Prevent Foreign Direct Investment? Economica, 80(317), 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2012.00934.x
Go to original source...
- Levin, A., Lin, C.-F., Chu, C.-S. J. (2002). Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1), 1-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7
Go to original source...
- Linhartová, V., Vávrová, D. (2018). Identifikace determinantů přímých zahraničních investic v České republice. Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice. Series D. Faculty of Economics and Administration, 44, 175-185.
- Linhartová, V., Owusu, E. (2018). Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment Determinants in the Selected Country. ISSN 1849-7535. Available from: https://search-proquest-com. zdroje.vse.cz/docview/2139492740/fulltextPDF/EE0500CD2D95425EPQ/ 4?accountid=17203
- Maniam, B. (2000). Determinants of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in European Union: Case of U.K., France, and Germany. Allied Academies International Conference. Academy for Economics and Economic Education. Proceedings, 3, 30-34.
- Martínez, V., Bengoa, M., Sánchez-Robles, B. (2012) Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: Complements or Substitutes? Empirical Evidence for the European Union. Technology and Investment, 3(2) , 105-112, https://doi.org/10.4236/ti.2012.32013
Go to original source...
- Mintz, J. M. (2006). The Changing Structure of Tax Policies for Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries. New York: Springer. International Studies Program Public Finance Conference: The Challenges of Tax Reform in a Global Economy, 155-166. Available from: https://www.issuelab.org/resources/5252/5252.pdf
- Montero, A.P. (2008). Macroeconomic Deeds, Not Reform Words: The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America. Latin American Research Review, 43(1), 55-83.
Go to original source...
- OECD (2015). Measuring and Monitoring BEPS, Action 11 - 2015 Final Report. Paris: OECD. ISBN 978-92-64-24134-3.
Go to original source...
- OECD (1996). OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investments. 3rd edition. Paris: OECD. ISBN 978-92-64-064805.
Go to original source...
- Overesch, M., Wamser, G. (2008). Who Cares about Corporate Taxation? Asymmetric Tax Effects on Outbound FDI. Ifo Working Paper No. 59. Available from: https://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/IfoWorkingPaper-59.pdf
- Saengthien, P. (2011). Political Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment. Dissertation. Claremont Graduate University. ISBN 978-267-08761-4.
- Síbrtová, V. (2019). Daňové faktory ovlivňující alokaci PZI z USA v EU. Diploma thesis. Prague University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Finance and Accounting. Thesis supervisor: Jan Pavel. Available from: https://vskp.vse.cz/77263
- Síbrtová, V., Tepperová, J., Pavel, J. (2019). Tax Factors of Foreign Direct Investments from the USA to the EU. Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences. 27th August 2019. 12th Economics & Finance Conference, Dubrovnik.
Go to original source...
- Tepperová, J., Pavel, J. (2018). Aggressive tax planning and Balance of Payments public data. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference - Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Public Finance 2018. Prague: Oeconomica. Prague University of Economics and Business, 153-158. Available from: https://kvf.vse.cz/wp-content/uploads/page/158/TPAVF-Sborn%C3%ADk-2018_FINAL-last.pdf
- Tepperová, J., Pavel, J., Arltová, M. (2020). Tax factors affecting FDI allocation in the EU post-socialist states. Post-Communist Economies, 33(6), 710-725, https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2020.1827198
Go to original source...
- Torrisi, C. R., Corbett, A. (2014). U.S. FDI in the European Union: The Experience of the United Kingdom. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16, 57-65.
- UNCTAD (2012). World Investment Report 2012: Towards a New Generation of Investment Policies. New York: United Nations. Available from: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2012_embargoed_en.pdf
- UNCTAD (2016). World Investment Report 2016. New York: United Nations. Available from: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2016_en.pdf
- Voget, J. (2014). The effect of taxes on foreign direct investment: a survey of the empirical evidence. ETPF Policy Paper 3. Available from: http://www.etpf.org/papers/PP003FDI.pdf
- Weyzig, F. (2012). Tax treaty shopping: structural determinants of Foreign Direct Investment routed through the Netherlands. International Tax and Public Finance, 20(6), 910-937, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-012-9250-z
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.